In the previous Puducherry Assembly elections, which were held in 2016, Indian National Congress (INC) single-handedly won 15 seats and with the support of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) formed the government under V. Narayanasamy as the Chief Minister.

In February, the INC government led by V Narayanasamy collapsed, where the Congress leaders blamed the BJP for creating problems and toppling the elected government. Whereas the BJP reverted by pinpointing the lack of co-ordination and internal politics amongst the Congress party for the fall of the government.

United Progressive Alliance (UPA) consists alliance between the Indian National Congress (INC) which is led by V. Narayansamy, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), and other smaller political parties. INC will be contesting for 16 seats out of the 30 seats whereas DMK will be contesting for 12 seats. V. Narayansamy will be contesting the current elections from the constituency Nellithope.

In the 2016 election, BJP had contested for all the 30 seats in the Union Territory but had won none. Learning from the past flaws, they have formed a steady alliance which is the National Democratic Alliance (NDA)

National Democratic Alliance (NDA) consists of All India N. R. Congress, Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP), and All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). All India N. R. Congress will be contesting for 16 seats, under the leadership of N. Rangaswam. BJP, led by A. Namassivayam will contest for 10 seats and, AIADMK will be contesting for 4 seats under the leadership of A. Anbazhagan. N. Rangaswamy will be contesting from the constituency of Thattanchavady.

The other two parties that are contesting the elections, Naam Tamilar Katchi and Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam, present mainly in the states of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry will be contesting for 30 seats each. These parties are not in a coalition with any other political parties.